[ effect of eight weeks selected aerobic exercise on liver parenchyma and liver enzymes [AST, ALT] of fat liver patients]

Fatty liver disease is a kind of fat accumulation in the liver cells which uncontrolled subjects have a trend to parenchymal fibrosis and cell death. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks elected aerobic exercise on the levels of AST, ALT enzymes and liver parenchyma of male patients with fatty liver, aged 20 to 45 years in Shooshtar, Iran. In this study, 24 patients referred to sonography clinics of Shooshtar, Iran with the diagnosis of fatty liver disease were selected randomly and divided to control and experimental groups. The serum ALT and AST were measured and liver sonography was done before intervention in both groups. After eight weeks aerobic exercise with intensity of 50 to 70 VO2 Max in case group, the tests were performed for both groups. Descriptive analysis and t-test were performed using SPSS. The results showed that ecogenesity of liver parenchyma was decreased in the post-test in comparison to pre-test [83.2%] and the serum AST and ALT of experimental group were decreased in comparison to control group [P<0.05]. It can be concluded that eight weeks aerobic exercise has significant effects on the fatty liver disease

Association between lifestyle status and dyslipidemia in Ham adults

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lifestyle status on dyslipidemia which may be responsible for the metabolic syndrome. One hundred forty one males [n=47; mean +/- SD: 43.7 +/- 7.8 years of age] and females [n=94; mean +/- SD: 43.7 +/- 7.8 years of age] participated in this study. Each subject's lifestyle status was assessed by self-administered questionnaires, based on Breslow's lifestyle index and a composite dietary behavior score, obtained from self-reported responses to a 24-item food-frequency questionnaire, was used to categorize eating habits as more/less healthy. The results demonstrated a negative relationship between Breslow's lifestyle index and physical fitness level and dyslipidemia [P<0.05]. On the other hand, the results showed that less healthy diets were associated with total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that food consumption patterns were independently associated with blood lipid profiles in females, while physical fitness level was independently associated with blood lipid profiles in males. In conclusion, unhealthy lifestyles may cause dyslipidemia, findings which present reasonable explanations for the relationships between lifestyles and lifestyles-related diseases

[Acute effects of an aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session on serum leptin and plasma lipids]

Discovery of leptin has led to numerous experiments for better understand of its function, and many of these studies have focused on leptin's response to both acute exercise and exercise training. The aim of this research was the investigation of acute effects of an aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session on serum leptin and plasma lipids in trained men 19-26 years old. Voluntary twenty four trained divided into trained [12 subjects] and control [12 subjects] groups, randomly. Exercise session includes Astrand exhaustive incremental test on treadmill which have been done between 8-10 am. Blood sampling gathered pretest, post test and 9 hours after training. For data analysis we have employed two way repeated measures ANOVA, paired T-Test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software, version 15.Results demonstrated serum leptin immediately increase after training in control group but this change statistically was not significant [p>0.05]. Plasma LDL-c and total cholesterol significantly increase immediately after training in pretest values [p<0.033]. Significantly negative correlation was found between serum leptin immediately after test and pretest plasma LDL-c in trained group [r=-0.65, p<0.022]. In general, there are not any significant differences between two control and trained groups in any measured blood factors during three bouts measurement. An aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session statistically has not acute effect on serum leptin in trained men 19-26 years old

[Influence of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on the reproductive hormones, cortisol and prolactin in male]

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on reproductive hormones in male. 45 subjects performed three randomized trials on separate groups, [1] aerobic group, [2] anaerobic group, [3] control group. Aerobic group performed continuous exercise with 65% [VO2max] and anaerobic group performed interval exercise with 100% [VO2max]. Pre and post of the exercise blood samples were collected and analyzed for testosterone, luteinizing [LH], follicle-stimulating [FSH], prolactin and cortisol hormones. Diet, physical activity and circadian influences were all controlled. Compared with the control, the aerobic and anaerobic groups significantly [P<0/05] elevated testosterone, prolactin and cortisol. Neither exercise produced significant [P<0/05] changes of FSH. LH in the aerobic group did not change but in anaerobic group was significantly elevated in comparison with the control group. This study has shown that there are not any correlations between testosterone and LH in the aerobic group which is a normal function of hypothalamus-hypophysis-axis and this is due to the low level of testosterone endurance athletes doing stamina sports. Also significant increase was found between testosterone and prolactin of both experimental groups which is similar to other reports and aims of present study as well

Effects of oral administration of monensin on serum glucose, AST, and arginase of holstein cows during transition period

In the present study, under typical management conditions of dairy farms in Iran, the effect of oral administration of on serum glucose, AST and arginase[indices of liver injuries] of oral monensin was assessed. Thirteen multiparous Holstein cows were blocked into a control and an experiment group from 3 weeks prepartum to 45 days postpartum according the number of their calvings. The groups received similar diets. The experiment group received monensin added to grain mix at 340 mg/head/day during prepartum weeks, 160-480 mg/head/day during first two weeks postpartum, and 350 mg/head/day during days 15-45 postpartum. Blood samples were obtained at days -20 and -10 prepartum, and days 4, 15, 25, 35 and 45 postpartum to determine serum glucose, AST, and arginase. Serum glucose decreased significantly [p = 0.025] in the control group from day 10 prepartum to day 15 postpartum. In the experiment group it increased significantly [p = 0.049] from the beginning of the experiment to day 35 postpartum. On day 15 postpartum, serum glucose showed a tendency [p = 0.07] for significant difference between groups. The level of ASTwas higher in the experiment group from day 10 prepartum to day 25 postpartum with a significant difference [p = 0.011] on day 10 prepartum. There was no significant difference in serum arginase activity between control and experiment groups [p > 0.05]. Administration of monensin mixed with diet can result in better functions of the liver, increase [or prevention of decrease] in serum glucose during peripartum weeks. It appears that changes in the dose of the drug during the early postpartum days [due to changes in dry matter intake] cannot affect the positive effect of monensin. The positive effect of monensin can be started prepartum; thus, its administration from prepartum transition period continued to postpartum weeks is recommended

Effects of oral administration of monensin on milk yield, milk economic components and iodine value of milk fat in holstein-friesian cows in early lactation

Assessing the effects of monensin on economic factors of milk [percents of protein and fat], and quality of milk fat during early lactation. Thirteen multiparous Holstein cows were blocked into a control and a treatment group from 3 weeks prepartum to 45 days postpartum according the number of their calving. The groups received similar diets. The treatment group received monensin added to grain mix at 340 mg/head/day during prepartum weeks, 160-480 mg/head/day during first two weeks postpartum and 350 mg/head/day during days 15-35 postpartum. Milk samples were obtained on days 15, 25, 35 and 45 postpartum. Milk volume during a standard period of 305 days and during the first 3 months of lactation, percentages milk protein and milk fat and iodine value of milk fat were determined. Data were studied with the SPSS statistical software using analysis of variance for repeated measures and independent t test. No significant differences were observed between control and experiment groups in volumes of milk during the first 3 months of lactation and the standard production of the entire lactation period. The natural decrease in the percentage of milk protein and fat postpartum was observed in both groups. However, the pattern of decrease in milk protein was slower in the treatment group. There was no difference between the groups in milk protein at various stages of sampling. Milk fat increased in the treatment group from day 25 of lactation and on day 45, it was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control cows. The iodine index of milk fat was nonsignificantly higher in the treatment group throughout of the experiment. The present study showed that administration of monensin during periparturient weeks has no adverse effect on milk volume, percentage of milk protein and fat and the quality of milk fat. It may lessen the decreasing pattern of milk protein and fat, or accelerate the time for their increasing. Increased level of unsaturated fatty acids in milk is a positive point in feeding monensin

[Nasal carriage rate of staphylococcus aureus in hospital personnel and inpatients and antibiotic pattern of isolated strains from nasal and clinical specimens in Tabriz]

Staphylococcus aureus is known as an important pathogen causing a variety of bacterial infections. Treatment of this bacterium with antibiotics has led to antibiotic-resistance, especially against methicillin [MRSA] and more recently rare resistance against vancomycin [VISA and VRSA]. MRSA strains compared to MSSA strains are resistant to most of the antibiotics in routine use. Aims of this study were to determine nasal carriage rate of S. aureus in hospital personnel and inpatients and to determine antibiotic-resistance patterns in the above mentioned isolates in the same hospitals. Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from nose of 460 hospital personnel and inpatients [160 strains] and from clinical specimens [46 strains] in Imam Khomeini and Children medical centers in a 6 month period were studied in 2005. Antibiotic sensitivity of the collected strains were tested against 13 antibiotics used in routine treatment of S. aureus infections. Oxacillin agar was also used to screen for MRSA. Our results showed 34.7% nasal carrier rate for S. aureus in hospital personnel and patients studied. Seventy seven isolates were able to grow on oxacillin agar, indicating 37.4% MRSA strains. MRSA strains were also resistant to 4-11 antibiotics tested in this study, but MSSA strains, which were resistant to penicillin G [100%], mainly showed sensitivity to other test antibiotics. All of the MRSA and MSSA strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Generally, the resistance to methicillin was higher in clinical isolates compared to isolates recovered from nose [p< 0.001]. In this study, all of the test isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, which necessitates more caution in using this valuable antibiotic. Screening of hospital personnel and in-patients will better control the incidence of this important bacterium and use of molecular methods in detection of them, especially screening for mecA gene will provide some measures in control of hospital acquired infections